Air Navigation - CPL
ONLINE Ground Class designed for success in DGCA Exams. Study anytime, anywhere you’d like at your convenience. Inclusions : DGCA CPL Syllabus – General Navigation, Flight Instruments , Radio Aids, Mass & Balance, Performance.
Course curriculum
Usage of Calculators
1. Scientific Calculator
2. CX3 Calculator
GEN NAV : Earth
1. Introduction
2. Shape of the Earth
3. Compression Ratio
4. Great Circle
5. Rhumb Line
6. Describing Position on Earth’s Surface
7. Graticule : Latitudes, Longitudes
8. Latitude / Parallels
9. Longitude / Meridian
10. Meridians and Anti-Meridians
11. Calculate final latitude
12. DLat
13. Distances w.r.t. DLong/DLat
14. Question No. 1 to 4
15. Question No. 5 to 8
16. Question No. 9 to 12
17. Question No. 13 to 16
18. Question No. 17 to 20
GEN NAV : Departure
1. Definition
2. Calculation of DLong
3. Calculation of Final Position
4. Examples
5. Question No. 1 to 4
6. Question No. 5 to 8
7. Question No. 9 to 12
8. Question No. 13 to 16
9. Question No. 17 to 20
10. Question No. 21 to 22
11. Question No. 23 to 24
12. Question No. 25 to 28
13. Question No.29 to 30
14. Question No. 31 to 33
15. Question No. 34 to 35
16. Question No. 36 to 40
TEST 1 : EARTH & DEPARTURE
Earth & Departure
GEN NAV : DIRECTION
1. Introduction
2. True Direction
3. Magnetic Direction
4. Variation
5. Magnetic Dip
6. Compass Direction
7. Deviation
8. Question No. 01
9. Question No. 2
10. Question No. 3
GEN NAV : WIND TRIANGLE
1. Introduction
2. Heading
3. Track or track made good
4. Drift angle or wind correction angle (WCA)
5. Starboard
6. Port-board Drift
7. Course and track error
8. Portboard track error or left track error
9. Starboard track error
10. Sums Part 1
11. Sums Part 2
12. Question No. 1 to 4
13. Question No. 5 to 8
14. Question No. 9 to 10
15. Question No. 10 to 13
16. Question No. 14 to 15
17. Question No. 16 to 18
18. Question No. 19 to 21
19. Wind at 90° to track and wind at 90° to heading.
20. Wind Triangle QnA (Q22 to Q25)
TEST 2 : DIRECTION & WIND TRIANGLE
Direction & Wind Triangle
GEN NAV - 1:60 RULE
1. Introduction
2. Question No. 1 to 7
3. Question No. 8 to 12
4. Question No. 13 to 16
5. Question No. 17
6. Question No. 18
GEN NAV : CONVERSION OF UNITS
1. Importance of Units in aviation – Air Canada Flight 143 The Gimli Glider
2. Introduction to Units and their conversion
3. Mass & Volume Conversion
4. Length & Distance Conversion
5. Question No. 1 to 4
6. Question No. 7 to 8
7. Question No. 9
8. Question No. 10 to 11
GEN NAV : CONVERSION OF UNITS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. Classification of fuel 1
3. Classification of fuel 2
4. Maximum Strutural Take off mass (MSTOM)
5. PLTOM
6. PLTOM 2
7. PLTOM 3
8. PLTOM 4
9. RLM 1 (Regulated Landing Mass)
10. Maximum Zero Fuel Mass (MZFW)
11. Calculation of TOM
12. Question No. 1
13. Question No. 2 to 3
14. Question No. 4
15. Question No. 5 to 7
16. Question No. 8 to 12
17. Question No. 13 to 16
TEST 3 : UNIT CONVERSION & 1 60 RULE AND IT'S APPLICATIONS
Test 3 – Unit Conversion & 1 60 Rule and It’s Applications
GEN NAV : CONVERGENCY & CONVERSION ANGLE
1. Convergency Definition
2. Properties of Convergency
3. GC Track Direction in Northern Hemisphere
4. GC Track Direction in Southern Hemisphere
5. Convergency GC Track
6. GC Convergence Angle
7. Question No. 1 to 4
8. Question No. 5 to 8
9. Question No. 9 to 12
10. Question No. 13 to 16
11. Question No. 18 to 20
12. Question No. 21 to 25
13. Question No. 26 to 28
14. Question No. 29 to 31
TEST 4 : CONVERGENCY & CONVERSION ANGLE
Test – 4 Convergency
GEN NAV : PAYLOAD
Test – 4 Convergency
TEST 5 : PAYLOAD
Payload – Traffic Load
Payload – II
GEN NAV : SCALE FACTOR
1. Introduction
2. Clip 2
3. Question No. 1 to 2
4. Question No. 3 to 4
5. Question No. 5 to 8
6. Question No. 9 to 11
Quiz 6 : SCALE FACTOR
Scale Factor
GEN NAV : SOLAR SYSTEM
1. Introduction
2. Planets In Solar System
3. Keplers Laws of Planetary Motion
4. Earth’s orbit & declination of sun
5. Seasons 1
6. Seasons 2
7. Seasons 3
8. Hour Angle & Greenwich Hour Angle
9. Day
10. Year
11. Sunset & Sunrise 1
12. Sunset & Sunrise 2
13. Twilight
14. Question No. 1 to 12
15. Question No. 13 to 16
GEN NAV : TIME
1. Introduction
2. Local Mean Time
3. Local Mean Time
4. Local Mean Time
5. Local Mean Time
6. UTC
7. International date line (IDL)
8. Zone Time
9. Zone Time
10. Zone Time
11. Zone Time
12. Standard Time
13. Standard Time
14. Standard Time
15. Summer Time or Daylight Saving Time (DST)
16. Question No. 1
17. Question No. 2
18. Question No. 3 to 5
19. Question 6
20. Question No. 7 to 9
21. Question No. 10 to 11
22. Question No. 12
23. Question No. 13 to 16
24. Question No. 17 to 20
25. Question No. 21 to 23
26. Question No. 24
27. Question No. 24 to 25
28. Question No. 26 to 28
TEST 7 : SOLAR SYSTEM & TIME
Questions
Questions
Solar System & Time
Topographical Charts
1. Topographical Charts symbols
2. Question No. 1 to 6
GEN NAV : MAPS & CHARTS
1. Introduction
2. Types of Projection
3. Characteristic of ideal chart
4. Perspective and Non Perspective Charts
5. Cylindrical projection
6. Mercator Projection
7. Conical Projection
8. Lambert conformal , conical projection between two standard parallel
9. Properties of Lambert Conformal Conical Projection
10. Azimuthal or Zenithal projection
11. Transverse Mercator
12. Oblique Mercator
13. Mercator Questions
14. Mercator Questions
15. Mercator Questions
16. Mercator Question
17. Bearing
18. QUJ, QTE and Relative bearing
19. VOR bearings
20. Mercator Questions
21. Lambert Questions
22. Lambert Questions
23. Lambert Questions
24. Polar stereographic Projection Questions
TEST 8 : MAPS & CHARTS
- Mercator Chart
- Lambert conformal Chart
GEN NAV : CP & PNR
1. Introduction
2. Equitime point
3. Equitime point
4. Critical Point
5. Properties of CP
6. Properties of CP
7. Point of no return
8. Formula & Properties
9. Sum 1 to 2
10. Question No. 1 to 4
11. Question No. 5 to 8
12. Question No. 9 to 15
13. Question No. 16 to 18
14. Question No. 19 to 21
15. Question No. 22 to 26
TEST 9 : CP PNR
Quiz – CP PNR
GEN NAV : FULL GENERAL NAV TEST
FULL GENERAL NAVIGATION EXAM.
MASS & BALANCE
1. Forces Acting on Aircraft
2. Stresses & Loads on Aircraft
3. Weight Limitations
4. Longitudinal stability – stability
5. Longitudinal stability – Wing Moment
6. Longitudinal stability – Tail Plane Moment
7. Longitudinal stability -Limits of CG 1
8. Longitudinal stability -Limits of CG 2
9. Effects of CG outside Forward limit
10. Effects of CG outside AFT limit
11. Effects of Increasing airplane mass
12. Terminologies
13. CG position as percentage of MAC
14. Repositioning of CG- Movement of mass
15. Repositioning of CG- Adding or Subtracting mass
16. Question No. 1 to 5
17. Question No. 6 to 10
18. Question No. 11 to 12
19. Question No. 13 to 18
20. Question No. 19 to 21
21. Question No. 22 to 24
22. Question No. 25 to 26
23. Question No. 27 to 30
TEST 10 : MASS & BALANCE
Quiz- Mass & Balance
AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE : Definition & Classification of Aircraft
1. Take off – Field length requirement
2. Factors affecting Take off distance
3. Take off distance computation
4. Take off speed requirements
5. Climb
6. En-route and Descent
7. Landing
8. Question No. 1 to 7
9. Question No. 8 to 15
PERFORMANCE : Single Engine Class B
1. Introduction
2. Definitions 1
3. Declared distances TORA, TODA, ASDA
4. Definitions 3
5. Minimum Control Speed
6. Alternate Airport
7. Definitions 6
8. Definitions 7
9. Definition 8
10. Definition 9
11. Definition 10
12. Definition 11
13. Definition 12
14. Definition 13
15. Definition 14
16. Definition 15
17. Definition 16
18. Turbo Jet
TEST 11 : Single Engine Class B
Quiz- Single Engine Class B
PERFORMANCE : Multi Engine Class B
1. Take off
2. Take off
3. En- route and Descend – 1
4. En- route and Descend
5. Landing
6. Question No. 1 to 6
7. Question No. 7 to 17
8. Question No. 18 to 23
Quiz 12 : Multi Engine Class B
Quiz- Multi Engine Class B
Flight Planning : Flight Planning & Monitoring
1. Introduction
2. NOTAM – Notice to Airman
3. Aeronautical Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
4. Aeronautical Information Publication
5. Jeppesen Charts – Airports
6. Jeppesen Charts – MEA, MOCA, MAA, Distances
7. Jeppesen Charts – Grid MORA
8. Jeppesen Charts – Airspaces
9. Minimum Flight Altitude and RVSM
10. ATC Flight plan – Definitions
11. ATC Flight plan – Item 7, Item 8
12. ATC Flight plan – Item 9
13. ATC Flight plan – Item 10
14. ATC Flight plan – Item 13
15. ATC Flight plan – Item 15
16. ATC Flight plan – Item 15 – 2
17. ATC Flight plan – Item 16
18. ATC Flight plan – Item 18
19. ATC Flight plan – Item 19
20. Question No. 1 to 10
21. Question No. 11 to 17
22. Question No. 18 to 22
Flight Planning : Fuel Policy
1. Introduction
2. Breakdown of Fuel – Taxi fuel
3. Breakdown of fuel – Trip fuel
4. Reserve Fuel – Contingency fuel
5. Reserve Fuel – Alternate fuel
6. Reserve Fuel – Final reserve fuel
7. Reserve Fuel – Additional fuel
8. Calculation of Contingency Fuel
9. Fuel Monitoring
10. In Flight Re-planning – Decision Point Procedure
11. Isolated Aerodrome Procedure
12. Question No. 1 to 5
13. Question 6 to 11
TEST 13 : Flight Planning & Monitoring
Quiz- Flight Planning & Monitoring
RADIO AIDS : BASIC RADIO WAVES
1. Introduction
2. Composition of Radio Waves
3. Transmission of Radio Waves
4. Properties of Radio wave
5. Wave Terminologies
6. Radio spectrum 1
7. Radio spectrum 2
8. Frequency Bands
9. Wavelength- 1
10. Wavelength- 2
11. Phase and Phase Difference – 1
12. Phase and Phase difference- 2
13. Polarisation- 1
14. Polarisation 2
15. Polar Diagram
16. Modulation
17. Keyed Modulation
18. Amplitude Modulation AM- DSB
19. Amplitude Modulation- SSB
20. Frequency Modulation FM
21. Pulse Modulation and Phase Modulation
22. Antennas
23. Questions 1
24. Questions 2
25. Questions 3
26. Questions 4
27. Questions 5
28. Questions 6
29. Questions 7
RADIO : PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES
1. Introduction
2. Ionosphere
3. Ionosphere
4. Ionosphere
5. Classification of Radio Waves
6. Surface Wave Propagation
7. Surface Wave Propagation and Diffraction
8. Factors affecting Range of Surface Wave
9. Factors affecting Range of Surface Wave and Duct Propagation
10. Sky Wave Propagation
11. Sky Wave Propagation
12. Sky Wave Propagation
13. Night Effect in HF
14. MUF & OWF & Fading
15. Space wave propagation or DLOS
16. Space Wave Propagation
17. Super Refraction
18. QnA Part 1 (Q1 to Q6).
19. QnA Part 2 (Q7 to Q9)
TEST 14 : BASIC RADIO WAVES
Quiz- Basic Radio Waves
RADIO : VHF DIRECTION FINDER
1. working of VDF
2. How to request your Bearing from ATC
3. Errors of VDF
4. Question No. 1 to 6
RADIO : ADF NDB
1. Introduction
2. Working Of ADF
3. Emission Characteristics and BFO
4. Factors affecting ADF accuracy- Sky Wave Interference
5. Factors affecting ADF Accuracy- Coastal error
6. Factors affecting ADF accuracy
7. Factors affecting ADF accuracy
8. Factors affecting NDB range
9. Types of NDB
10. Bearing – Q codes
11. Bearing – Aircraft flying away from the station
12. Bearing – Aircraft flies towards the station
13. RBI RMI indications
14. Question No. 1 to 4
15. Question No. 5 to 8
16. Question No. 9 to 12
17. Question No. 13 to 16
18. Question No. 17 to 20
19. Question No. 21 to 22
20. Question No. 23 to 26
21. Question No. 27 to 31
22. Question No. 32 to 34
23. Question No. 35
24. Question No. 36 to 40
TEST 15 : ADF & NDB
Quiz- ADF & NDB
RADIO : VOR
1. Introduction
2. VOR frequencies
3. Principle of working and identification
4. Working of VOR
5. Cone of confusion
6. Failure Warning Flag
7. Factors affecting VOR Range
8. Factors affecting VOR Accuracy
9. VOR Accuracy
10. Types of VOR
11. Types of VOR
12. VOR Airborne Equipment
13. VOR Tracking
14. VOR Tracking
15. VOR Indicator- CDI
16. Correct Sensing
17. Reverse sensing
18. HSI Horizontal Situation Indicator
19. VOR and HSI Indicator Comparison
20. Question No. 1 to 4
21. Question No. 5 to 6
22. Question No. 7 to 11
23. Question No. 12 to 17
24. Question No. 18 to 21
25. Question No. 22 to 27
26. Question No. 28 to 32
27. VOR-OBS Sums.
Quiz 16 : VOR
Quiz- VOR
RADIO : ILS
1. Introduction
2. Components of ILS – Localiser
3. Components of ILS – Localiser
4. Components of ILS – Glide Slope
5. Glide slope
6. Glide Slope
7. False Glide Slope
8. Critical and Sensitive Area
9. Components of ILS – Marker beacon
10. Miscellaneous
11. Categories of ILS
12. Minimum – RVR and DA
13. Question No. 1 to 4
14. Question No. 5 to 8
15. Question No. 9 to 14
16. Question No. 15 to 19
17. Question No. 20 to 25
18. Question No. 26 to 34
TEST 17 : ILS
Quiz- ILS
Windshear
1. Introduction to Windshear
2. Microburst.
3. Windshear Encounter during Approach.
4. Indications and Actions to perform in case of Windshear.
5. Effects of Windshear.
RADAR PRINCIPLES
1. Introduction
2. Principle of Working
3. Applications of Primary & Secondary Radar
4. Radar Terminologies
5. MInimum Radar Range
6. Continuous Wave Technique
7. Maximum Theoretical Range – MTR
8. MTR Formula
9. Beam Width
10. Factors affecting Radar Range
11. Factors affecting Radar Range
12. Factors affecting Radar Range
13. Question No. 1 to 4
14. Question No. 5 to 13
RADIO : GROUND RADAR
1. En-route Surveillance Radar
2. Terminal Approach Radar TAR
3. Precision approach Radar
4. Surface Movement Radar
5. Question No. 1 to 6
RADIO : RADIO ALTIMETER
1. Radio Altimeter
TEST 18 : RADAR & GROUND RADAR, AWR, ALTIMETER
Quiz- Radar Principles, Ground Radar, Radio Altimeter
RADIO : SSR
1. Introduction
2. Working on SSR
3. Working on SSR
4. Working on SSR
5. TRANSPONDER CONTROL PANEL
6. TRANSPONDER SPECIAL CODES
7. Errors of SSR
8. Mode S Transponder
9. Feature of Mode S Transponder
10. Question No. 1 to 6
RADIO : DME
1. Introduction
2. Working of DME
3. Working of DME
4. Working of DME
5. DME Range
6. ILS-DME and Accuracy
7. TACAN and Miscellaneous
8. Frequency pairing
9. Question No. 1 to 7
10. Question No. 8 to 15
11. Question No. 16 to 17
12. Question No. 18 to 21
TEST 19 : SSR & DME
Quiz- SSR & DME
RADIO : TCAS
1. Introduction
2. Working of TCAS
3. TCAS 1
4. TCAS 2
5. Preventive RA
6. Corrective RA
7. Miscellaneous
8. TCAS indications on ND
9. Question No. 1 to 5
TEST 20 : TCAS
Quiz- TCAS
RADIO : GPWS
1. Introduction
2. Mode 1 and Mode 2
3. Mode 3 and Mode 4
4. Mode 5, 6 and 7
5. Action to be taken on receiving a GPWS Warning
6. Question No. 1 to 14
RADIO : HOLDING PATTERN
1. Introduction
2. Entries in holding pattern
3. Determination of holding entry
4. Non Standard holding pattern & ICAO holding speed and altitude
5. Question No. 1 to 2
6. Question No. 3 to 6
7. Question No. 7 to 8
EFIS
1. Overview of EFIS Displays
2. Colour Display Systsem
3. EADI and EFIS Control Panel
4. EHSI and EFIS Control Panel
5. EHSI Display Mode- FULL VOR
6. Expanded VOR
7. Full ILS and Expanded ILS
8. MAP and PLAN Mode
9. Airbus EIS Displays
10. Primary Flight Display (PFD)
11. PFD- ASI tape
12. PFD- ASI Speeds
13. ND- Navigation Display
14. ND modes – Rose LS and Rose VOR
15. Rose NAV and ARC Mode
16. Plan Mode
Questions: Part I
Questions: Part II
Quiz : EFIS
EFIS
Quiz 21: FULL RADIO AIDS
Full Radio Aids – 1
Full Radio Aids – 2
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS : 1. ALTIMETER
1. Introduction
2. ISA Atmosphere
3. Pressure lapse rate and factors affecting density of air
4. Aneroid Altimeter – Simple Altimeter
5. Sensitive Altimeter
6. Servo Assisted Altimeter
7. Sub Scale setting
8. QFE – Aerodrome Pressure
9. QNH – Mean Sea Level Pressure
10. Rate of fall of pressure in warm and cold air mass
11. QNE -Standard Pressure Setting
12. Transition altitude, Transition Level and transition layer
13. Density Altitude
14. Density Altitude Formula
15. Corrected Pressure Altitude or True Altitude
16. Radio altitude, Hydrostatic pressure and altimeter tolerance
17. Errors of altimeter – barometric error – QNH, QFE, QNE Formula
18. Barometric error – H – L – H (High to Low- Look out Below 🏔) (Warm to Cold 🥶- Dont be Bold)
19. Barometric error L -H -L
20. Drift associated with HLH & LHL in NH & SH & QFF
21. Lag Error & Instrument Error
22. Position error or pressure error
23. Temperature Error
24. Blockage error – Leakage Error
Audio -1
25. Question No. 1 to 2
Audio -2
26. Question No. 3 to 6
27. Question No. 7
28. Question No. 8 to 11
29. Question No. 12 to 16
30. Question No. 17 to 20
31. Question No. 21 to 26
32. Question No. 27 to 31
33. Question No. 32 to 34
34. Question No. 35 to 37
35. Question No. 38 to 41
36. Question No. 42 to 49
37. Question No. 50 to 53
38. Questions No. 54
39. Question No. 55 to 60
40. Question No. 61 to 74
Quiz 22 : ALTIMETER
Quiz – Altimeter
INST : 2. AIRSPEED INDICATOR
1. Working of ASI
2. Correction on IAS
3. Effect of Increase in Altitude on IAS and TAS
4. V Speeds
5. V Speeds
6. Errors of ASI
7. Errors of ASI
8. Errors of ASI
9. Errors of ASI
10. Density Error
11. Question No. 1 to 6
12. Question No. 7 to 12
Quiz 23 : ASI
Quiz- ASI
INST : 3. MACH METER
1. Introduction
2. Mach Number
3. Working of Mach Meter
4. VMO and MMO
5. Climb in normal atmosphere
6. Descend in normal atmosphere
7. Climb in Isothermal layer
8. Descend in Isothermal layer
9. Climb in inversion layer
10. Descend in Inversion layer
11. Errors of Mach Meter
12. Question No. 1 to 8
13. Question No. 9 to 13
14. Question No. 14 to 17
15. Question No. 18 to 20
16. Question No. 21 to 27
17. Question No. 28 to 34
Quiz 24 : MACH METER
MACH METER
INST : 4. VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR (VSI)
Introduction
Principle of Working
Errors of VSI
IVSI
Questions
Questions
INST : AIR DATA COMPUTER (ADC)
1. Air Data Computer
2. ADC
Quiz 25 : VSI & ADC
Quiz 25 : VSI & ADC
INST : 6. GYROSCOPE
1. Introduction
2. Rigidity in Space – Gyroscopic Inertia
3. Gyroscopic Precession
4. Drift & Topple
5. Types of Gyro- 1
6. Types of Gyro- 2
7. Question No. 1 to 10
INST : 7. ARTIFICIAL HORIZON
1. Introduction
2. Working of Artificial Horizon
3. Working of Artificial Horizon
4. Errors of AH
5. Question No. 1 to 10
INST : 8. DGI
1. Introduction
2. Working on DGI
3. Wander
4. Wander
5. Question No. 1 to 7
6. Question 8 to 12
7. Question 13 to 16
INST : 9. TURN and SLIP INDICATOR
1. Principle of operation
2. Rate of turn and Radius of turn
3. Co-Ordinated turn
4. Slipping turn
5. Skidding turn
6. Question No. 1 to 4
7. Question 5 to 9
8. Question No. 10 to 16
9. Question No. 17 to 20
10. Question No. 21 to 24
11. Question No. 25 to 29
12. Question No. 30 to 34
TEST 26 : GYROSCOPE, TSI, AH, DGI
GYROSCOPE, TSI, AH, DGI
INST : 10. Aircraft Magnetism
1. Introduction
2. Aircraft Magnetism
3. Hard and Soft iron components
4. Hard Iron components
5. Coefficient B
6. Coefficient C
7. Coefficient A
8. Compass Swing
9. Direct Reading Compass
10. Properties of Direct reading compass- Horizontality
11. Aperiodicity or Dead beat oscillation
12. Sensitivity
13. Types of DRC
14. Errors of DRC- Acceleration in NH
15. Deceleration in NH
16. Acceleration in SH
17. Deceleration in SH
18. Turning error- Turning through North in NH
19. Turning error- Turning through South- NH
20. Turning error- Turning through North- SH
21. Turning error- Turning through south- SH
22. Question No. 1 to 6
23. Question No. 7 to 10
24. Question 11 to 18
25. Question No. 19 to 28
TEST 26 : Magnetism & DRC
Magnetism & DRC
Visual Aids for Navigation (Airport signs, markings and Lighting)
VAN – L1 – (Introduction)
VAN – L2 – (WDI, Landing T, Signal Panels and Area)
VAN – L3 – (Mandatory Signs)
VAN – L4 – (Location Signs)
VAN – L5 – (Mandatory Instruction and Location signs-2)
VAN – L6 – (Signs on Complex airports and Taxiways)
VAN – L7 – (Precision Instrument Runway Markings)
VAN – L8 – (Displaced Threshold)
VAN – L9 – (Stop bar lights and Runway guard lights)
VAN – L10 – (Runway Designation markings)
VAN – L11 – (Runway markings)
AN – L12 – (Taxiway Markings)
VAN – L13 – (Lights)
VAN – L14 – (ALS- Approach Lighting System)
VAN – L15 – (Runway Lights-1)
VAN – L16 – (Runway Lights 2)
VAN – L17 – (Declared Distances- TORA, ASDA, TODA, Stopway, Clearway)
VAN – L18 – (ARIWS- Autonomous Runway Incursion Warning System)
VAN – L19 – (Taxiway Lights)
\VAN – L20 – (Airport Markings)
VAN – L21 – (Airport Markings-2)
VAN – L22 – (Mandatory Instruction Signs)
VAN – L23 – (Information Signs and Mandatory Instruction markings)
VAN – L24 – (Runway Holding position markings and RFFS)
VAN – L25 – (Q 1 to 10)
VAN – L26 – (Q11 to 21)
VAN – L27 – (Q22 to Q 34)
VAN – L28 – (Q35 to 50)
Quiz 27: Full Flight Instruments
Full Flight Instruments -1
Full Flight Instruments – 2
GNSS & FANS (Global Navigation Satellite System & Future Air Navigation System)
1. Introduction to GNSS
2. Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
3. Position Reference System
4. GPS Segments- Space Segment
5. GPS Segments- Control Segment and User Segment
6. Principle of Operation
7. Principle of Operation- Position Determination
8. GPS Errors
9. Differential GPS
10. ABAS- Air Based Augmentation System- e.g. RAIM
11. GBAS- Ground Based Augmentation System- e.g LAAS
12. SBAS- satellite-based augmentation system- e.g. WAAS, EGNOS, GAGAN
13. QnA Part 1.
14. QnA Part 2
DGCA Sample Paper
Regular-May -2022
OLODE October 2022
DGCA Sample Paper -CPL Navigation
September 2023 (Radio Aids & Instrument)
OLODE October 2023
25th April OLODE
Nav CPL June 2024 regular attempt fc 02
Question Paper
November 2023
#Nav OLODE April 2024
Nav On demand 03 2024
Navigation Question Bank
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
Test 5
Test 6
Test 7
Test 8
Test 9
Test 10
Test 11
Test 12
Test 13
Test 14
Regular Dec 2023 - Air Nav – CPL
Regular Dec 2023
Navigation CPL – January 25, 2024
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